Sample of Works Cited in MLA and APA formats

READ THESE FORMATTING NOTES

IMPORTANT NOTE: The first line of each entry is flush with the left margin and all other lines are indented one tab. (The examples below CAN NOT be formatted this way due to web resolution.)

Always alphabetize the entries on your bibliography page.

Double space the entire page.

The sixth edition of the MLA Handbook recommends that you underline titles unless your instructor prefers them to be italicized.

MLA Examples
APA Examples
Annotated MLA and APA Examples

MLA

BOOKS

Book - One author:
Grossman, Karl. Nicaragua: America's New Vietnam. New York: Simon and Schuster,1990.

Book - Editor instead of author:
Hawks, Jacquetta, ed. The World of the Past. Chicago: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963.

Book - Two authors:
Kernighan, Brian W., and Dennis M. Ritchie. The C Programming Language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1978.

Book - Three authors:
Marquart, James W., Sheldon E. Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorenson. The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923-1990. Austin:U of Texas Press, 1994.

Book - More than three authors:
(only cite 1st author, use "et al. for all other authors")
Gilman, Sander, et al. Hysteria Beyond Freud.. Berkley: U of California Press, 1993.

Book - No author or editor given:
Peru. Danbury: Grolier, 1997.

REFERENCE

General Encyclopedia or other general reference book
"Locke, John". The Encyclopedia America. 2001 ed.

"Noon". The Oxford English Dictionary. 3rd ed. 1994

Subject Specific Encyclopedia
Hoffman, Bruce. "Religios Extremism". Encyclopedia of World Terrorism. 3 vols. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, Inc. 1997.

MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS

NOTE:
Article titles are put in quotations. They are NOT underlined or italicized. However, the name of the newspaper or magazine in which the article appears is treated like a book title.

Magazine article with author:
Stricker, Eric. "The Leo Life: Leo Remero has come a long way". Transworld Skatebording. August 2004: 182-196.

Magazine article without author:
"Michael Jordan: A Man for all Seasons." Sports Illustrated. January 1992: 51

Newspaper
Mills, Todd. "Kicking Fatigue Factor." The News Tribune [Tacoma] 10 Feb 2005: C1+.

ONLINE RESOURCES

Internet Source* Source from the World Wide Web:

Note: Use n.d. for no date of publication. Last date indicates the day that the information was obtained. Put address on separate line and, if necessary, only break the address at a /.

The following is a list of possible components of an entry of an Internet site as needed and as given. Give as much information as you can to make it easy for someone to go find the information again. If an element is not given, skip that portion.

Author, editor, translator of the source, ie the original poem, article, short story.
Title of article, poem, short story or similar short work you're citing in quotation marks.
Title of the book or magazine underlined.
Publication information for any print version of the source.
Title of the internet site or for a professional or personal site w/o a title, write "Home page"
Name of the editor/creator of the site
Version number of the source or for a journal, the volume number, issue number, or other identifying number
Date of latest update/posting
For a work from a subscription service (databases), give the name of the service and, if it is coming from a library, give the name and city, state abbreviation of the subscriber.
For a posting to a discussion list or forum, the name of the list or forum.
The number range or total number of pages, paragraphs, or other sections, if they are numbered.
Name of any institution or organization sponsoring the site (if not cited earlier).
Date when you accessed the source.
URL of the source, or if the address is too long, use the URL of the original search page.

General Web Page Examples
Jane Austen Information Page. Ed. Henry Churchyard. 6 Sept. 2000. 15 June 2002 http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/prideprej.html

"Project Impacts of Global Change" Sept 9,1998. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sept 29, 1998. http://www.epa.gov/global/warning/sub1/impacts.html

Online Magazine

McCraw, Jim. "Harley's 100". Popular Mechanics, Electronic Edition. June 2004. Popular Mechanics.com. 14 February 2005. http://www.popularmechanics.com/automotic/motor_cycles/126826.html.

Online Subscription Database

(articles printed from Proquest, E-Library, & other databases from CHS library and the public library)

Hoyer, Mark. "Flying circus: Serious fun racing a Honda CB160". Cycle World. Feb 2005: 82. Proquest. Capital High School Lib., Olympia WA. 14 Feb. 2005 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb

Philips, Dave. "Born to be mild: Harley riders tend to be older, professional types". Knight Rider/Tribune News Service. 12 Mar 2004. elibrary. Capital High School Lib., Olympia WA 14 Feb. 2005 http://elibrary.bigchalk.com/libweb/elib/do/login

Other

* Articles without author: PAMPHLETS and CULTURGRAMS * Culturegram:

David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies. "People's Republic of China." Culturegrams. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University, 1993.

"Virology." Science and Technology Encyclopedia. 1991 ed

INTERVIEWS

Hawks, Richard. E-mail interview. 26 Oct. 1998

Wiesel, Elie. Interview with Ted Koppel. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 18 Apr. 2002.

Bonds, Kristi. Personal interview. 15 Feb 2005.

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

U.S. Department of State. Background Notes: Chile. Washington, DC.: Superintendent of Documents, November 1999.

CD-ROM PROGRAMS

"Lewis and Clark" Information Finder: World Book Encyclopedia. CD-ROM Electronic Version, 1997.
"Afghanistan". Nations of the World 2005. CD-ROM. Millerton: Grey House Publishing.

SPECIALIZED LITERARY REFERENCES

Bryfonski, Dedira, ed. "Elliot, Thomas Stearns."Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol.1.Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1980. NOTE: SIRS articles are credited as though from the original magazine or newspaper.

VIDEOS

Pride and Prejudice. Dir. Cyril Coke. 226 mins. Videocassette. BBC Video, 1985.

Dead Poet's Society. Dir. Peter Weir. Perf. Robin Williams. DVD. Touchstone Pictures, 1987

NOTE: When including quoted or paraphrased material within a research paper, you must also include the source. Write the author's name, year, and page number in parentheses. Place this at the end of the sentence or paragraph in which the quote appears. That author and source must also be included in your bibliography. For example:

TELEVISION

"Yes...but what is Art?" Narr. Morley Safer. Sixty Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York. Sept. 19, 1993.

For more information about citing references, please ask your teacher or librarian.

APA

Books

Book-One Author:
Arnheim, R (1971). Art and the visual perception. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.

Book-Multiple Authors:
Roeder, K., Howdes, J., Fulton, L., Lockhead, M., Craig, K., Peterson, R, et al.(1967) Nerve Cell and Insect Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Note: 2-6 authors list all authors, seven or more cite 1st six followed by the term "et al."

Book-Specific Editions
Brockett, O. (1987). History of the Theatre (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn Bacon.

Citing items in an anthology/chapter in edited book
Rubenstein, J.P. (1967). The effect of television violence on small children. In B.F. Kane (Ed.), Television and juvenile psychological development (pp. 112-134). New York: American Psychological Society.

Reference

Encyclopedia or Dictionary

Ewbank, I. (2001) Dickens, Charles. In Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 9, pp. 75-79). Danbury, Connecticut: Grolier.

Journals

Citing articles in journals with continuous pagination
Passons, W. (1967). Predictive validities of the ACT, SAT, and high school grades for first semester GPA and freshman courses. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 27, 1143-1144.
Citing articles in journals with non-continuous pagination
Sawyer, J. (1966). Measurement and prediction, clinical and statistical. Psychological Bulletin, 66 (3), 178-200.

Because pagination begins anew with each issue of this journal, it is necessary to include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number. Note that there is a comma between the issue number and the page numbers, but no comma between the italized volume number and the issue number. If the periodical does not use volume numbers, include "pp." before the page numbers so the reader will understand that the numbers refer to pagination. Use "p." if the source is a page or less long.

MAGAZINES & NEWSPAPERS

Magazine

Harder, B. (2005, October 1). Falling Influence: Influenza fighters have limited effects. Science News, 168, 211.

Newspaper

Stanley, A. (2005, October 25). Bringing Out the Absurdity of the News. The New York Times, pp.B1, B8.

Note: If no author is given, use the first significant word in the title.

Online Resources

Online Subscription Database (i.e., book, magazine, newspaper article or report) The second date which follows is the date the user retrieved the material. No period follows an Internet Web address.

Schneiderman, R. A. (1997). Librarians can make sense of the Net. San Antonio Business Journal, 11, 58+. Retrieved January 27, 1999, from EBSCO Masterfile database.

Internet Source* Source from the World Wide Web:

Webpage without author or date it was created

GWU's 9th English Language Page. (n.m.). Retrieved August 10, 2005, from http://www.gwu.org/usersurver/survey2000

Webpage wtih an author

Brown, M. (2005, Dec.2). Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Biographical Sketch. Retrieved January 24, 2006, from http://www.lib.lsu.edu/hvm/mlk/srs218.html

Television Broadcast

Crystal, L. (Executive Producer). (2004, June 10). The MacNeil/Lehrer news hour [Television broadcast]. New York and Washington D.C.: Public Broadcasting Service.

Annotated MLA and APA

The purpose of an annotation is to let someone who has read/reviewed your paper/project know more about your sources. An annotation should be a small paragraph in length, 3-5 sentences, and be written in 3rd person (no "I" or "me" statements in your paragraph). It should tell your audience:

the type of source it is (web page, book, magazine article)
the author's purpose (inform, persuade)
the target audience (general public, researchers, students)
a summary (what it is about?)
the usefullness of this source compared to your others and what you used it for
the timeliness of the source (how recent/old is the information?, does "age" of the source matter based on the type of information it is?)
the credibility of the author (how do you know you can trust the information? could it be biased?)
other brief comments you'd want someone to know about how valuable/invaluable this source is

Annotated MLA Sample

Blythe, Hal, and Chalie Sweet. "Using Media to Teach English." Instructional Innovator 28 (1983): 22-24. These scholars insist that children will watch television, so teachers should respond to the electronic revolution. They argue that television is another tool, but it will be an "effective tool" only if teachers develop a "television consciousness" and use the media as a supplement to other classrom methods.

Mandel, Jerome. "The Grotesque Rose: Medieval Romance and The Great Gatsby." Modern Fiction Studies 34 (1988): 541-588. Mandel argues that Gatsby follows many of the conventions of medieval romance, and analyzes East and West Egg as competing courts, Buchanan as a prince/Lord with Daisy as unattainable queen/fair lady. Gatsby and Nick are both construed as knights; Jordan is only mentioned in passing as a sort of attendant figure to Queen Daisy. This whole analysis seems somewhat farfetched, but it opened my eyes to a few new insights.

Annotated APA Sample

Waite, Linda., Frances Kobrin Goldscheider, and Chistina Witsberger. "Nonfamily Living and the Erosion of Traditional Family Orientations Among Young Adults." American Sociological Review 51 (1986): 541-554.

The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young men to test their hypothesis that non-family living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In constrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of non-family living.

Sewell, W. (1989). Weaving a program: Literate programming in WEB. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold

Sewell explains the code language within these pages including certain lines of code as examples. One useful idea that Sewell uses is to explain characters and how they work in the programming of a Web Page. He also goes through and describes how to make lists and a title section. This will be very useful because all Web Pages have a title section. This author also introduces Pascal which I am not sure if I will include in my manual but after I read more about it I can decide whether this will be helpful to future users. This book will not be the basis of my manual but will add some key points, which are described above.